Apparatus for making non-woven webs



13, 1968 I w. D. ROXLO 3,396,433

' APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON'WOVEN WEBS Filed June 28, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet1 FIG.

FEEDER MEANS" (SOURCE OF AIR STREAM CON- TAINING FIBROUS 5 lATERlALSINVENTOR WILLIAM D. ROXLO BY YQ J QBW ATTORNEY Aug. 13, 1968 w. D. ROXLO3,39

I APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-WOVEN WEBS Filed June 28, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet2 FIG-6 F l 6. 6A

INVENTOR WILLIAM D. ROXLO ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,396,433APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-WOVEN WEBS William D. Roxlo, Nashville, Tenn.,assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., acorporation of Delaware Continuation-impart of application Ser. No.434,591, Feb. 23, 1965. This application June 28, 1965, Ser. No. 470,322

Claims. (Cl. 19-1565) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus adaptedfor use in manufacturing nonwoven webs of great uniformity and widthwherein a connecting duct which carries the fiber-containing air streamfrom the feeder to the foraminous collector is equipped with bafflemeans to divert at least the top portion of the air stream so that itflows downward at an obtuse angle and so that one or more portionsthereof are diverted further than others yet all portions thereof travelat the same angle at the point of diversion, the level of said bafilemeans being adjustable in numerous closely spaced areas.

This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 434,591, filedFeb. 23, 1965, now abandoned.

This invention concerns apparatus for making a deposit of fibrousmaterial and is especially useful for making a continuous non-woven webof fibers. Deposits having a width greater than deposits previouslyobtainable from similar apparatus can be obtained from the apparatus ofthis invention.

Deposits of particulate material such as fibrous batts are ordinarilyformed by using a combination of a feeder for producing an air streamcarrying the fibers and a collector for removing the fibers from saidair stream and forming a non-woven batt. Heretofore, batts thus formedhave had substantially the same width and height as the outlet port ofthe feeder although some equipment has been capable of producing battshaving somewhat increased height. Distribution of fibers in theresulting batts has been controlled to some extent by modificationswithin the feeder and/ or the collector; however, easily maintainableaccurate control over fiber distribution was not attained by thesemodifications. Even when good control was attained with one type offiber, a change to other types of fibers usually necessitatedsubstantial additional basic modifications of the apparatus.

Apparatus for making an accurately controlled deposit of fibrousmaterial has now been discovered. This apparatus comprises (1) a feederfor producing an air stream carrying fibrous material, (2) a collectorcomprising at least one foraminous member for removing said fibrousmaterial from said air stream and forming a continuous batt, (3) aconnecting duct for conveying said air stream containing fibrousmaterial from the feeder to the collector. In one embodiment theconnecting duct contains a baffle bank consisting of a plurality ofadjacent baffles attached to at least one wall of the connecting ductand extending into the duct a distance sufficient to have a materialeffect on the uniformity of the deposit of fibrous material in thecollector. Preferably each of said baflles is independently andlongitudinally adjustable from a first position in which it does notprotrude into the connecting duct to a second position in which itextends at least one-fourth of the distance and desirably all the way tothe opposing wall of the connecting duct. These adjustable bafiles canalso be held at any position between these extremes. This baffie bankcan be provided with a smooth-curve profile by fitting an elastomericchannel (similar to an automobile window channel) over 3,396,433Patented Aug. 13, 1968 the ends of the plurality of battles to cover thestep-wise profile formed when the individual battles are adjusted todifferent heights (see FIG. 10). The adjustability of the profile of thebaffle bank and regulation of fiber deposit control remains unimpaired.

The baflle bank can also consist of a single bathe in the form of arectangular plate or parallelepiped of flexible material such as anacrylic resin (Lucite Operation is similar to the above described bafflebanks in that due to the vertical flexibility of the plate, localizedportions of the plate can by application of external pressure he made toprotrude more or less into the connecting duct to regulate air and fiberfiow. Control of air and fiber flow can also be regulated by utilizing aconnecting duct with a flexible or elastomeric ceiling so that localizedportions of the ceiling can be pressed inwardly into the air stream tocontrol its flow.

Apparatus of this invention is useful for forming continuous sheets ofnon-woven batts of synthetic and natural fibers and mixtures of these.Fibers of cotton, wool, hair cellulosic particles and fibers, fur,asbestos, polyarnides such as nylon, polyacrylics such aspolyacrylonitrile, polyvinyls such as polypropylene and polyvinylchloride, polyesters such as polyethyleneterephthalate, etc., can beused. Uniform deposits of fibrous materials produced by the apparatus ofthis invention, especially deposits of polyester and polyarnide fibers,are particularly useful in making substrates for poromeric materials.Other uses for uniform non-woven batts of fibrous material produced bythe apparatus of this invention include applications in the manufactureof insulation, padding, filler for upholstery and packing, felting,absorbents, etc.

FIGURE 1 of the drawings shows a sectional side view of apparatus ofthis invention.

FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of one type of bathe bank constructionused in this invention showing how the rabbeted side walls of aplurality of contiguous bafiles provide air-tight cooperation andindependent longitudinal adjustability.

FIGURES 3, 4, 5, 6, 6A, 7 and 8 are views showing different ductconfigurations of apparatus of this invention and optional placements ofbafile banks on these ducts.

FIGURE 9 is a detail drawing of a typical baffle system of thisinvention.

FIGURE 10 is a cross-sectional view of a duct of the type shown inFIGURE 3, as viewed in the downstream direction from a point immediatelyupstream from the battle bank, the lower portion of the baffie bankbeing fitted with an elastomeric channel.

A specific embodiment of the apparatus of this lllVCIl. tion forproducing a fibrous batt is shown in FIGURE 1 where fibers dispersed ina moving air stream are produced by a conventional feeder. Typicalfeeders for producing an air stream carrying fibrous material useful inthis invention are disclosed in US. patents Buresh 2,451,915; Langdon etal. 2,703,441; and Buresh et al. 2,700,188. Other means for producing anair stream carrying particulate material useful in this invention aredisclosed in US. patents Thomas 1,959,845; Pearce 2,188,- 373; McClure2,318,243; Plummer et al. 2,676,363 and 2,676,364; and Kennette et al.2,731,679. The disclosures of these patents are hereby incorporated intothis specification.

As shown by the arrows which indicate direction of flow the air streampasses from the feeder 1 through connecting duct 2, the entrance port 3of which fits snugly with exit port 4 of feeder 1 to avoid air leakage.Duct 2 conveys the air stream past baffles 5 wit-bin the duct to a dualscreen condenser which comprises a pair of continuous foraminous belts7, 7 each of which travels around three rolls 8, 9, 10 and 8, 9', 10',respectively. In a preferred embodiment the height of the openingbetween belts 7 and 7', at rolls 8 and 8, is equal to the height of exitport 6 of connecting duct 2 and about 0.7510.0 times the height of theentnance port 3 of connecting duct 2. The width of the belts 7 and 7 andthe Width of exit port 6 of duct 2 may be from about 0.5 to 2 times thewidth of entrance port 3 of duct 2, Belts 7 and 7 converge from parallelrolls 8 and 8' to parallel rolls 9 and 9', respectively, forming an exitopening between rolls 9 and 9' having a height of as little as 0.05 ofthe height between rolls 8 :and 8. The wedge thus formed by the beltsacts as an efficient fiber removing area and also consolidates theresulting fibrous batt. If desired only one of the belts need beformainous. Heights of the entrance opening and the exit openings of thecondenser are adjustable.

Belts 7 and 7' are foraminous woven wire belts in this embodiment andare driven in the directions shown by arrows B and B in FIGURE 1. Beltsof about 12 mesh woven from about 22 gauge wire are satisfactory forhandling most fibrous materials. The belts can be driven by chainsconnected to the edge of each belt and meshing with sprockets on thethree rOlls associated with each belt. The three rolls associated witheach belt are conveniently interconnected by a set of gears (not shown)so that only one of the three rolls need be driven by a power source(not shown). Any suitable means for imparting uniform motion to therolls and/or belt can be utilized.

Cleaning means such as rota-ting brushes 30, 30 can be utilized to cleanlint from the belts and can be located anywhere along the "belt exceptin the fiber collecting portion between rolls 8, 8' and 9, 9'. Lintcatching conduits 11, 11 and lint exhaust tubing 12, 12 can be includedto cooperate with this brush in keeping the room free of Jim. Conduitsfor fluid exhaust 13, 13 are also shown in FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of one preferred type of construction ofbaffle bank 15 used in practicing this invention showing how therabbeted side walls of a plurality of individual contiguous baffle 5provide air-tight independent longitudinal adjustability; each of thebatfles is equipped at its upper end with a threaded stud 21 forattachment to an adjusting means, for example, :as illustrated in FIGURE9.

FIGURES 3 and 4 are a plan view and a side view, respectively, of apreferred connecting duct 2, with entrance pont 3 adapted to beconnected to a feeder exit port of similar size and configuration. Asshown, the duct width increases in the direction of fluid flow (shown byarrow), While maintaining constant height and reaches a maximum width at14. A bank of baflles 15 is positioned across the duct :at 16, about -20inches upstream of the connecting duct exit port. The section of duct 2containing these baffies is referred to as expander section (A) of theduct and the section (B) immediately downstream of section (A) is theventuri section, so-ca'lled because of a substantial increase (usuallyseveral fold) in height of the duct in this section.

Generally speaking, the apparatus of this invention operates mostefficiently and produces fibrous batts of greatest uniformity if theheight of section (A) is substantially constant (except for the baffles)and the width of section (B) is substantially constant or decreasessomewhat toward its exit port, i.e., 10% or less.

In one embodiment batfles (FIGURE 1) are support ed by transverse plate17 attached by adhesive or welding or other suitable means to the outerface of top wall 18 of duct 2 and extending across the entire width ofthe duct. Piercing the top duct wall is slot 19 angled at 60 to theinterior top surface of the duct. Positioned within this slot are aplurality of narrow adjustable baffles (shown in more detail in FIGURE9) which are rabbeted or otherwise slidably interconnected with eachother to form a continuous inverted air-tight dam across the upperinterior of duct 2 for its entire width. Individual battles 3-4 incheswide, about 0.1-1.0 inch thick and long enough to extend to the bottomof the duct are a convenient size trol each baffle is individuallyadjustable to any desired level from a position in which it does notprotrude into duct 2 to a position in which it protrudes into the ductvery substantially and positively affects the flow of air therethroughthereby controlling web formation. Preferably the baflies can beadjusted to touch the opposing wall (bottom) of duct 2 but usually thisis unnecessary. Naturally, more extreme bafile bank profiles arepossible with a bank containing a plurality of bafiles than when asingle flexible baflle constitutes the whole bank. Normally, however,extreme profiles are unnecessary and a single flexible baflle isadequate, besides being free from fiber-catching corners and edges.

FIGURES 5 .and 6 and 6A are plan views of alternative useful embodimentsof connecting ducts and FIGURES 7 and 8 represent side views ofalternative configurations which may be utilized. Any of the plan viewconfigurations of FIGURES 3, 5 and 6 and 6A can be used in conjunctionwith the side view configurations of FIGURES 4, 7 and 8 to provideconnecting ducts useful in this invention. With further reference toFIGURE 3, battle bank 15 is fitted closely to the side walls of the duct2 to prevent leakage of air between the side wall of the duct and theadjacent baflle. FIGURE 4 illustrates an embodiment in which connectingduct 2 contains two baflle banks 15 and 15' in opposed relationship toeach other. This embodiment provides substantially more control ofproduct uniformity than a single bank of baffles. In practice, ofcourse, it is possible, following proper adjustment of all bafiies toobtain a desired uniformity of product, to substitute one or more fixedbaffie banks for one or more of the banks of independently adjustablebattles. This is accomplished by simply cutting a single sheet ofmaterial to produce the same profie or a smooth curve of the sameprofile as the adjusted bafiie bank it replaces. It has been foundconvenient in practice using a dual bank of batfles as in FIGURE 4 tohave that baflle bank, which is attached to the bottom surface of theduct (represented by 15), in the form of a fixed solid sheet of materialhaving a straight upper edge parallel to the bottom interior surface ofthe duct and spaced the distance of 0.1-1 inch therefrom for a ducthaving a height of 2 inches.

FIGURE 7 illustrates a connecting duct in which the baffie bank 15 ispositioned near the entrance port of expanding section (A) of the duct.FIGURE 8 illustrates another embodiment in which the side viewconfiguration of the connecting duct uniformly increases in height inthe direction of flow of air indicated by the arrow and the upper bafllebank 15 is positioned about mid-way between the entrance and exit portsof the connecting duct. The

lower baffle bank 15' is in the form of a fixed sheet of metal attachedto the bottom wall 20 of the duct and angles forward at about 60 to thebottom surface of the duct. Baflie angles of 10 to on this basis areuseful. In each of the embodiments of this invention each baffle bankextends from one side wall of the connecting duct to the opposite walland is closely fitted to each wall to prevent leakage between the sidewall and the adjacent baflle. Any of the baffle banks illustrated can bepositioned in any part of expander section (A) of connecting duct 2 andthere can be one, two or several bafiie banks, depending upon theuniformity requirements of the particular material being deposited andits physical characteristics taken together with the rate of fluid flow,the size and thickness of the deposit desired and the width of thedeposit produced relative to the width of the feeder exit port.

A typical bafile arrangement useful for controlling air streams carryingfibrous material is shown in detail in FIGURE 9. In the specificembodiment of a baflie represented by FIGURE 9, a threaded stud 21 isattached to or integral with bafile 22, and control wheel 23 having acircumferential groove 24 around its lower portion is threaded on thestud. The groove of the control Wheel rides in an opening 25 in asupport member 26 fixed to a wall of duct 2 so that rotation of thecontrol wheel moves the attached baffle into or out of the duct. Eachbafile is slideably secured to a guide member 27 by means of a springloaded bolt 28. Baflie position is empirically determined for eachcombination of primary factors involved in operating the apparatus,including the nature of the feeder, collector, air velocity, ratio ofair volume to volume of particulate material, duct configuration, etc.Other useful means for providing variable bafile positions include theuse of clamps, cotter pins, spring clips, etc., to hold a slideablebaffle in the desired position. Alternatively, stud 21 can be rotatablyattached to bafiie 22 and threadably mounted in a support member 26 sothat rotation of the stud by means of a screw driver, wrench, etc.,moves the baffie into or out of the duct. This arrangement is alsosuitable for control of a baffie bank consisting of a single flexiblebafiie as described above, the only difference being that a plurality ofthreaded studs are attached to the baflie along its length and operateto move the associated portions of the flexible baffle into or out ofthe duct. Seals 29 shown in FIGURE 9 can be used to minimize air leakagearound the bafiies.

FIGURE is a view in cross-section of a duct 2 of the type shown inFIGURE 3 as viewed in the downstream direction from a point immediatelyupstream from the bafiie bank which protrudes from top wall 18, thelowermost portion of the bafiie bank being fitted with an elastomericchannel 30, whereby the channel covers the step-wise profile formed bythe individual bafiies 5 and provides the balfie bank with asmooth-curve profile.

In FIGURE 10, the uppermost portion (not shown) of the baflle bank 15which extends upwardly from top wall 18 has a structure :generally asillustrated in FIG- URES 3 and 9.

Although baflies can be located near the entrance part of section (A) ofduct 2 (e.g., as shown in FIGURES 6 and 6A) best control of deposituniformity is attained if an adjustable bafile bank is locatedhorizontally perpendicular to the air flow across the top of duct 2 andclose to the widest portion of section (A) e.g., as shown in FIGURE 3),preferably about 2-10 inches upstream from the widest portion. Such abaffie bank is angled about -75 forward (with the direction of airmovement) relative to the top interior surface of the duct and is freefrom air leakage through the bank and around the ends thereof.Preferably also, there is a second adjustable baffie bank oralternatively a fixed bafiie bank protruding upward from the bottom ofduct 2 in opposed relationship to the first named adjustable baflie bankand angled forward at about the same degree of slant but relative to thebottom interior surface of the duct. The second bank is conveniently athin rigid rectangular plate welded or otherwise attached to the bottomand sides of the duct interior and with one face having an area rangingfrom 10-50% of the cross sectional area of duct 2 at the position ofthis second bafiie bank. For greater control one or more additionalbaflle banks can be included in the connecting duct but usually none isnecessary. Using the above bafile arrangement (FIGURES 3 and 4)continuous non-woven fibrous batts 124 inches wide are produced havingan average deviation as small as 0.2 ounce per square yard from a meanof 14 ounces per square yard based on 25 samples.

Individual baflies about four inches wide are a convenient size for usein a connecting duct up to about three inches in height and -200 incheswide, although better control is attained with the narrow ducts in thisrange by bafiies 2-3 inches wide. Preferably the battle should slantforward in the direction of air flow at to the interior surface of theduct to which the battle is attached. Bafiles usually have rounded orchamfered edges to prevent snagging of fibers thereon. A desirableheight for section (A) of the connecting duct is 1-5 inches with aheight of 1.5-3 inches preferred as affording best control withconventional feeders and collectors.

Air velocity is at least 1000 feet per minute and preferably about6000-8000 feet per minute at the entrance port of the connecting ductand 4000-6000 feet per minute as it passes the last bank of bafiles inthe connecting duct. Of course the entire connecting duct and itsconnection with the feeder is air-tight.

With the apparatus of this invention, and using connecting ducts shownin FIGURES 3 and 4 particularly, extremely uniform non-woven batts ofsynthetic fibers are produced in continuous lengths having widths of10-l00% wider than the width of the feeder exit port supplying air/fibermixtures to the apparatus. The thickness of such batts will normally beabout the same as the entrance port of the collector utilized.

Operation of the apparatus of this invention is extremely simple. Thefeeder is operated to provide an air stream containing fibrous materialand this material is conveyed through duct 2 and removed from the airstream by the collector. Then if examination of the initial depositreveals a lengthwise streak of lean or heavy deposit, the operator needthen merely note the distance of the streak from the edge of the depositand adjust the bathe or baflles at a corresponding distance from thecorresponding edge of duct 2. Sometimes more than one bathe in this areawill need slight adjustment. Bafile adjustments are very sensitive andit is common for an adjustment of a bafide (lengthwise) by 0.010 inch toproduce a change in a fibrous deposit of one ounce per square yard inthe area of the deposit controlled by that baifie. Increasing theprotrusion of the baffle into the air stream normally decreases thedeposit in the affected area of the batt and vice versa.

In place of the preferred dual condensing belts, other collectors usefulin this invention for removing particulate material from an air streamcan be used. These include rotary foraminous drums such as the drumsdisclosed in US. Patents 2,451,915 and 2,700,188 referenced above and acontinuous foraminous belt such as the above referenced US. Patent2,703,441 discloses. The other US. patents referenced above discloseadditional foraminous members useful as collectors in this invention andthe disclosures of these collectors are hereby incorporated into thisspecification.

The discharge end of feeders useful in this invention is desirably about/2-5 inches in height and about 10 to inches or more in width and fitssnugly with entrance 3 of duct 2 to provide an air-tight smooth interiorsurface with a minimum of interference to air flowing therethrough.Similarly exit port of duct 2 should cooperate with the entrance openingbetween belts 7 and 7' at rolls 8 and 8' and be about the same size andconfiguration as this opening.

In other embodiments of this invention duct 2 height and/or width canincrease or decrease in certain cross sectional areas. Most uniformproducts are obtained with apparatus of this invention in which ductheight or width changes are gradual. For most purposes, connecting duct2 desirably has a Width considerably greater than its height becauseimproved control over distribution is then possible. A connecting ducthaving a length of from about l-15 feet is most satisfactory.

Apparatus of this invention is particularly useful in making wideuniform deposits of particulate material. When duct 2 increases in widthin the direction of air flow, it forms deposits having a width greaterthan the width of the feeder outlet. This is paticularly advantageousbecause it permits production of wide batts without the expense ofbuying large feeders. Good control over distribution of fibrous materialcan be attained using ap- 7 paratus of this invention in whichconnecting duct 2 width changes at a rate up to about 0.75 unit per unitof length. Satisfactory distribution of particulate material adequatefor most purposes can be attained using apparatus of this invention whenduct 2 width changes at a rate beyond this figure.

Duct 2 preferably has a rectangular cross-section throughout but otherconfigurations which permit control of air/fiber fiow'by 'baflles can beused and need not be symmetrical. For example, a duct with asemi-circular cross-section with one flat side or any similararrangement can be used.

Properties of fibrous batts and granular material pro duced by theapparatus of this invention can be varied by increasing or decreasingair velocity at the removing means. Fibrous batts having a verydesirable combinationof strength, uniformity and surface smoothness areformed when duct height increases just before the entrance to the dualscreen condenser and air velocity at this entrance is about 1000 to 3000feet per minute. A large proportion of the fibers in batts produced withthese conditions are disposed in a chevron configuration in the verticalplane. The shape of these chevron's can be varied by varying the airvelocity. Larger variations in air velocity or variations in the rate ofchange of duct height or width just before the condenser entrance canproduce batts in which a large proportion of the fibers are randomlyoriented or batts in which a large proportion of fibers are linearlyoriented in a certain direction. The most unifom fibous deposits areproduced on dual screen condensers when duct height changes at a ratefrom about 0.1-2.5, and preferably about 0.2 unit per unit of length (insection (B)).

Interior surfaces of ducts of this invention preferably have a minimumnumber of obstructions and interruptions to fluid flow. Fluid leakagefrom ducts of this invention is also preferably held to a minimum. Ductscan be fabricated from sheet metal, plastic materials (polyacrylicresins, polyamides, polyaldehydes), wood, glass and any other suitableconduit material.

The term baffle is used in this specification to designate any memberuseful in controlling air flow ducts of this invention includingpaddles, vanes, gates, threaded members, etc. Bafile Width is notcritical but a large number of baffles per 'bafile bank permits moreexact control of product uniformity than a small number. Although it ismost convenient to operate the present invention with air, other fluidssuch as steam, wet or dry, may be used and in some instances, the fluidcarrying the fibers may be a liquid such as water or other suitablemedium.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for making a uniform deposit of fibrous materials whichcomprises a feeder for providing an air stream carrying fibers,

a collector comprising at least one foraminous member for removing saidfibers from said air stream,

a connecting duct positioned to convey said air stream from the feederto the collector, and

at least one continuous bafile bank positioned to protrude from aninterior wall of the duct toward the opposite interior wall, said bankextending transversely across the entire width of the duct and comacuteangle relationship with the-interior wall'.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the bafiiebankis located in alaterally expanding section (A)"of the connecting duct having arectangular cross section and forms a dam across the top interior of theduct and horizontally perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, the widthof section (A) increasing in the direction of its exit port.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said bafile bank includes anelastomeric channel strip capped -.overthe protruding ends thereof. I 4.The apparatus of claim 2 in which asecond bafile bank is positionedtransversely across the lower interior portion of section (A) of theconnecting duct in: opposed relationship to the bank formed by thefirst-mentioned baffle bank. 4 a

5. The apparatus of claim 2 in which section (A) of the connecting ductis located 0-20 inches from'the exit port of said duct.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 in which a vertically expanding section (B)of the connecting 'duct is'attached to the exit port of section (A) andsection ('B) increases uniformly in height toward its exit port at arateof 0.1-2.5 units per unit of length. 1

7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which section (B) of the connecting ductdecreases uniformly in width toward its exit port in an amount up to 10%8. The apparatus of claim 2 in which said collector comprises a dualscreen condenser.

9. The apparatus of claim 6 in which section '(A) has a rectangularcross section of substantially constant height of about 1-5 inches and awidth which is 10l00% greater at the exit port than at the entrance portand section (B) has a rectangular cross section of substantiallyconstant width equal to the width of the exit port of section (A) and aheight at its exit port of about 0.75-10 times that at its entranceport.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 in which said collector comprises a dualscreen condenser.

References Cited UNITEDv STATES PATENTS 735,217 8/1903 De Long 19-148735,218 8/1903 De Long 19-148 2,195,158 3/1940 Watts 19-1563 2,731,6791/1956 Kennette ct al 19-1564 3,039,137 6/1962 Smith 156-369 X 3,110,18211/1963 MOSS et a1.

FOREIGN PATENTS 1,124,490 7/ 1956 France.

861,476 2/1961 Great Britain.

MERVIN STEIN, Primary Examiner. DORSEY NEWTON, Assistant Examiner.

